#Alpha hydroxy acid skin#

As agents that modify the keratinization process (see Pharmacology), alpha hydroxy acids may be useful for the treatment of acne and other skin disorders.

Most organic acids can be caustic in sufficiently high concentrations. Windholz 1983 In 1974, alpha hydroxy acids were first used in dermatology for their topical efficacy against severe hyperkeratosis of ichthyosis. Kneedler 1998 Organic acids have also been used to remove hair from and to tan animal hides. In ancient Egypt, it was believed that Cleopatra bathed in spoiled milk, which contains lactic acid. Organic acids, such as lactic acid, have long been used in dermatologic preparations as humectants to improve moisturization of the outer skin layers. Green 2009, Kneedler 1998, Rubin 1994, Van Scott 1996 Other sources may be used for commercial production of these acids (eg, starch, glucose, other sugars). Rubin 1994 Specifically, malic acid is derived from apples, glycolic acid (the smallest alpha hydroxy acid) is derived from sugar cane, lactic acid is derived from sour milk, tartaric acid is derived from grapes, and citric acid is derived from citrus fruits. ToxicologyĪcidic organic compounds are derived primarily from fruit and other natural sources. Adverse Reactionsĭryness, scaling, burning, erythema, and similar effects may occur in sensitive individuals or with prolonged use. Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking. In patients with a history of recurrent or active herpes simplex lesions, treatment with an oral antiviral agent should occur before undergoing chemical peels. Patients who have undergone recent cosmetic surgeries, have open wounds, or have used isotretinoin therapy within the last 6 to 12 months should not receive alpha hydroxy acid peels. Hypersensitive individuals and those with irritated skin should use alpha hydroxy acids cautiously. Once the skin appears healthy, the frequency can be reduced to every 2 to 3 days.įibromyalgia: 3 Super Malic tablets (each containing malic acid 200 mg) twice daily. If dry skin persists after 2 weeks, the concentration can be increased by 2% to 4%.

Intervals between peels are generally 2 to 4 weeks 6 to 8 peels are required for most patients.ĭry skin disorders: Alpha hydroxy acid 8% to 10% cream or lotion applied 2 to 3 times daily to affected area(s). Typically, on the first visit, glycolic acid is applied for approximately 2 to 3 minutes to determine sensitivity and provide guidance for future length of exposure. DosingĬhemical peels: Dosing for chemical peels involving glycolic acid may depend on a variety of factors, including the condition being treated, patient expectations, patient age, cumulative sun exposure, skin type, area being treated, peeling agent used, concentration of peel agent, frequency of application, quantity applied, and length of time applied. However, apart from topical application, clinical trials are lacking to support any additional indications.

Additionally, they have been investigated as a treatment for fibromyalgia, dental scaling, and dry mouth, and for prevention and treatment of urinary tract stones. Clinical Overview Useįruit acids have been used to treat a range of dermatological conditions, including acne, photoaging, dry skin, psoriasis, actinic keratosis, and melasma. Common Name(s): Alpha hydroxy acids, Citric acid, Fruit acids, Gluconolactone, Glycolic acid, Lactic acid, Malic acid, Tartaric acid